5 Mobile Clouds: Technology and Services for Future Communication Platforms 125 5.1 Introduction 125 5.2 The Mobile Cloud 127 5.2.1 User Resources 129 5.2.2 Software Resources 130. Fundamentals of 5G Mobile Networks. Jonathan Rodriguez, 3 5 • • • • • • • ).
5G may still be in its infancy, but it will have a far-reaching impact for both consumers and businesses. This ebook looks at the technical details and how 5G services are being developed and deployed. From the ebook: What is 5G? 5G refers to the fifth generation of mobile phone networks. Since the introduction of the first standardized mobile phone network in 1982, succeeding standards have been adopted and deployed approximately every nine years.
GSM, the 2nd generation standard, was first deployed in 1992, while a variety of competing 3G standards began deployment in 2001. The popular 4G LTE standard was deployed by mobile network operators in 2010. Now, technology companies and mobile network operators are preparing their infrastructure and customers for the transition to 5G. Principally, 5G refers to “5G NR (New Radio),” which is the standard adopted by 3GPP, an international cooperative responsible for the development of the 3G UMTS and 4G LTE standards. Other 5G technologies do exist. Verizon’s 5G TF network operates on 28 and 39 GHz frequencies and is used only for fixed wireless internet service, not in smartphones. Verizon’s 5G TF deployments will be transitioned to 5G NR in the future.
Additionally, 5G SIG was used by KT for a demonstration deployment during the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang. 5G NR allows for networks to operate on a wide variety of frequencies, most notably recycling the frequencies vacated by decommissioning previous wireless communications networks. The 2G DCS frequency bands, the 3G E-GSM and PCS frequency bands, and the digital dividend of spectrum vacated by the transition to digital TV broadcasts are some of the bands available for use in 5G NR. 5G standards divide frequencies into two groups: FR1 (450 MHz - 6 GHz) and FR2 (24 GHz - 52 GHz).
Most early deployments will be in the FR1 space. Research is ongoing into using FR2 frequencies, which are also known as extremely high frequency (EHF) or millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies. Discussions of the suitability of millimeter wave frequencies have been published in IEEE journals as far back as 2013.
This book reports on the latest advances in the modeling, analysis and efficient management of information in Internet of Things (IoT) applications in the context of 5G access technologies. It presents cutting-edge applications made possible by the implementation of femtocell networks and millimeter wave communications solutions, examining them from the perspective of the universally and constantly connected IoT. Moreover, it describes novel architectural approaches to the IoT and presents the new framework possibilities offered by 5G mobile networks, including middleware requirements, node-centrality and the location of extensive functionalities at the edge. By providing researchers and professionals with a timely snapshot of emerging mobile communication systems, and highlighting the main pitfalls and potential solutions, the book fills an important gap in the literature and will foster the further developments of 5G hosting IoT devices. Book Title Internet of Things (IoT) in 5G Mobile Technologies Editors. Constandinos Mavromoustakis.
George Mastorakis. Jordi Mongay Batalla Series Title Series Volume 8 Copyright 2016 Publisher Springer International Publishing Copyright Holder Springer International Publishing Switzerland eBook ISBN 978-3-319-30913-2 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-30913-2 Hardcover ISBN 978-3-319-30911-8 Softcover ISBN 978-3-319-80914-4 Series ISSN 2196-7326 Edition Number 1 Number of Pages IX, 499 Number of Illustrations 127 b/w illustrations, 40 illustrations in colour Topics.